The aim of this project is to support other CEPS research projects particularly in undertaking research across disciplines and practice areas and in implementing new knowledge into policy and practice change, including generating fresh ideas about policing and security problems.

However, the concepts and methods required to do this are still in their infancy, hence the focus of this project is on methodological development. The methodological development spans the three domains which constitute the new cross-cutting discipline of Integration and Implementation Sciences (I2S), represented in the following figure:

I2S aims to provide a productive advance on a range of research approaches which seek to synthesise disciplinary and stakeholder knowledge, understand and manage unknowns and provide integrated research support for policy and practice change, including multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary approaches, post-normal science, integrated assessment, systemic intervention and action research. There is a solid basis for the continuing development and application of I2S, demonstrated by the publications listed below.

This project aims to support other CEPS research by providing

a clear articulation of the rationale and function of I2S;

repositories of useful concepts, methods and case studies, along with roadmaps to relevant theoretical underpinnings, for synthesis of disciplinary and stakeholder knowledge, understanding and managing unknowns (Ignorance and Uncertainty project) and providing integrated research support for policy and practice change;

specialist I2S support, as appropriate; and

education at the graduate student and professional development levels in I2S theory and methods.

Research Outcomes:

• Pioneered the application of Integration and Implementation Sciences (I2S) in the fields of policing and security.

• Further development of Integration and Implementation Sciences (I2S), especially in the context of policing and security.

• Enhanced ability of policing and security researchers to conduct cross-disciplinary investigations including stakeholders.

• Enhanced ability of policing and security researchers to use their findings to provide decision support and achieve practice change.

• Enhanced functioning of the Australasian Policing Forum and the Australian hub of the global network associated with the Executive Session on Policing and Public Safety held at Harvard University.